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Ablation Rate and Intrapulpal Temperature by Addition of Water Spray During Er:YAG Laser Irradiation

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Abstract

±âÁ¸ÀÇ Ä¡°ú¿ë ÇÚµåÇǽº¸¦ ´ëüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È¿°úÀûÀÎ Ä¡¾Æ »èÁ¦ ¹æ¹ýÀÎ Er:YAG ·¹ÀÌÀú¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© º¸´Ù È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Ä¡¾Æ¸¦ »èÁ¦Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö º¯¼öµé, Áï ÆÞ½º¿¡³ÊÁö, Á¶»ç¹Ýº¹À² ¹× ·¹ÀÌÀú Á¶»ç µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¹°ºÐ»ç·®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÀÌ Áß¿¡¼­µµ ¹°ºÐ»ç·®Àº »èÁ¦ È¿À²ÀÌ ³ôÀ̸鼭 Ä¡¼ö¸¦ º¸È£ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò·Î ¿©°ÜÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ·¹ÀÌÀú Á¶»ç µ¿¾È ºÐ»çµÇ´Â ¹°ÀÇ ¾çÀÌ ÀûÀ¸¸é Ä¡¾Æ¿¡ ±Õ¿­À̳ª źȭ¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ°í Ä¡¼ö¼Õ»óÀ» ¾ß±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À§ÇèÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ¹°ÀÇ ¾çÀÌ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¸¹À¸¸é »èÁ¦È¿À²ÀÌ ÀúÇÏµÇ°í ·¹ÀÌÀú ½Ã¼úµ¿¾È Ä¡°úÀÇ»çÀÇ ½Ã¾ßÈ®º¸¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, Á¶»çÁ¶°Ç¿¡ µû¸¥ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹° ºÐ»ç·®À» °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ƯÁ¤Á¶»çÁ¶°Ç¿¡¼­ Ä¡¾Æ¹ý¶ûÁú »èÁ¦¿¡ °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¹°ºÐ»ç·®À» °áÁ¤ÇÏ°í, ±× ¹°ºÐ»ç·®À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ Ä¡¼ö³»¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¿Âµµº¯È­¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ¾ÈÀü¼º ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ÇÔ²² Æò°¡ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹ß°ÅµÈ °ÇÀüÄ¡¾Æ¸¦ Ç¥º»À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©, 20 HzÀÇ Á¶»ç¹Ýº¹À², 200 mJ ¹× 300 mJÀÇ ÆÞ½º¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ Á¶»çÁ¶°Ç¿¡¼­ 1.6, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0ml/minÀÇ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¹°ºÐ»ç·®À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© Ä¡¾Æ»èÁ¦ È¿°ú¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̶§ ·¹ÀÌÀú Á¶»ç½Ã°£Àº 3ÃÊ·Î °íÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. »èÁ¦È¿À²Àº Á¶»ç ÀüÈÄÀÇ Ä¡¾Æ¹«°Ô¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ±× Â÷ÀÌ·Î °áÁ¤ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¿ÂµµÃøÁ¤À» À§Çؼ­´Â º°µµÀÇ Ä¡¾Æ¸¦ ÁغñÇÏ¿© ¿ÂµµÃøÁ¤ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Á¶»çÃø°ú ¹Ý´ëÃøÀÇ Ä¡¼öº®¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ¿© ·¹ÀÌÀúÁ¶»ç µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¿Âµµº¯È­¸¦ ÃßÀûÇÏ¿´´Ù.
½ÇÇè°á°ú, 200 mJ°ú 300 mJ ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼­ 1.6 ml/minÀÇ °¡Àå ÀûÀº ¹°ºÐ»ç·®ÀÌ Ä¡¾Æ»èÁ¦È¿À²ÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾Ò´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿Âµµº¯È­¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ Ä¡¼ö¼Õ»óÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾ÊÀ» Á¤µµÀÇ ¹Ì¹ÌÇÑ ¿Âµµ»ó½Â¸¸À» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ANOVA ºÐ¼®ÀÇ °á°ú Á¶»çºÎÀ§(Á¶»çÃø°ú ºñÁ¶»ç ¹Ý´ëÃø)¿¡ µû¸¥ À¯ÀÇÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸³ª(p≶0.05), ÆÞ½º¿¡³ÊÁö¿¡ µû¶ó °¢°¢ ºñ±³ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§´Â À¯ÀÇÇÑ Â÷À̸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
±×·¯¹Ç·Î º» ½ÇÇèÀÇ °á°ú¿¡ µû¸£¸é, 1.6 ml/minÀÇ ºñ±³Àû ÀûÀº ¾çÀÇ ¹°À» ·¹ÀÌÀú Á¶»ç½Ã¿¡ ÇÔ²² ºÐ»çÇØ Áشٸé 200~300 mJÀÇ ÆÞ½º¿¡³ÊÁö, 20 HzÀÇ Á¶»ç¹Ýº¹À², 3ÃÊÀÇ ·¹ÀÌÀúÁ¶»ç½Ã°£À̶ó´Â Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­´Â Ä¡¼ö¼Õ»óÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾Ê´Â ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Ä¡¾Æ¸¦ »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÈ´Ù.

Er:YAG laser has been considered a promising alternative to dental drill and many researches indicate that adjustment to variable parameters, including water flow rate, pulse energy and pulse repetition rate, can be made to improve ablation ability and efficiency of the laser. Of these parameters, addition of water spray during irradiation has been thought to ablate dental hard tissue more rapidly and safely.
The purpose of this study was to investigate tooth ablation amount by Er:YAG laser irradiation as related to varied water flow rates added and, ultimately to find the most effective water flow rate for ablation. In addition, the temperature change of pulp chamber during irradiation was also monitored on the irradiated and opposite pulpal walls, respectively.
An Er:YAG laser with contact mode was employed. Extracted human molars were split into two pieces for ablation experiment. Pulse energies of 200 and 300 mJ with a pulse repetition rate of 20 Hz and 5 water flow rates (1.6, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 ml/min) were applied. Each irradiation was performed for 3 seconds. According to these parameters, experimental groups were divided into 10 subgroups which consisted of 5 specimens. For temperature experiment, another 5 tooth-specimens were prepared in the manner that pulp chamber was open through access cavity preparation and two temperature-measuring probes were placed respectively on the irradiated and the opposite walls of pulp chamber.
From the experiment on ablation amount related to different water flow rates, it was shown that the least water flow rate of 1.6 ml/min ablated more than any other water flow rates (p≶0.000). When the irradiation for 3 seconds, combined with the pulse repetition time of 20Hz and the water flow rate of 1.6 ml/min was done to tooth specimen, the temperature rise was not noticeable both on the irradiated and the opposite pulpal walls (less than 3¡É) and there was no significant difference in temperature rise between the two pulse energies, 200 and 300 mJ.
From the results of this study, it is suggested that tooth ablation with Er:YAG laser can be done effectively and safely at a energy between 200 and 300 mJ/pulse and a pulse repetition rate of 20 Hz when the lasing is conjugated with the water flow rate of 1.6ml/min.

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